As I read from chapter 8 onwards, I realized that young children need plenty of opportunities to explore numbers and its operational sense. Using the Bruner theory of CPA approach, concrete materials works best for young children to explore the possibilities of the outcome of a problem. I feel that teachers have to instill a relational understanding instead of instrumental understanding (Skemp, 1978) for our children these days. Manipulative tools like Number frames can help to develop early numbers sense which allows the children to see the relationship between the numbers thus developing the flexibility when working with numbers. As they develop number sense, they will also begin to see the connections and relationships between the numbers and its operations.